Determinants of aortic stiffness: 16-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.

Determinants of aortic stiffness: 16-year follow-up of the Whitehall II study.

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BACKGROUND:Aortic stiffness is a strong predictor of cardiovascular disease endpoints.Cross-sectional studies have shown associations of various cardiovascular risk factors with aortic pulse wave velocity, a measure of aortic stiffness, but the long-term impact of these factors on aortic stiffness is unknown.METHODS:In 3,769 men and women from the Whitehall II cohort, a wide range of traditional and novel cardiovascular risk factors were determined at baseline (1991-1993) and aortic pulse wave velocity was measured at follow-up (2007-2009).The prospective associations between each baseline risk factor and aortic pulse wave velocity at follow-up were assessed through sex stratified linear regression analysis adjusted for relevant confounders.

Missing data on baseline determinants were imputed using the Multivariate Imputation by Chained Equations.RESULTS:Among Chandeliers men, the strongest predictors were waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, heart rate and interleukin 1 receptor antagonist, and among women, adiponectin, triglycerides, pulse pressure and waist-hip ratio.The impact of 10 centimeter increase in waist circumference on aortic pulse wave velocity was twice as large for men compared with women (men: 0.40 m/s (95%-CI: 0.

24;0.56); women: 0.17 m/s (95%-CI: -0.01;0.

35)), whereas the opposite was true for the impact of a two-fold increase in adiponectin (men: -0.30 m/s (95%-CI: -0.51;-0.10); women: 0.

61 m/s (95%-CI: -0.86;-0.35)).CONCLUSION:In this large prospective study, central obesity was a strong predictor of aortic stiffness.

Additionally, heart DVI-D Digital Video Cable rate in men and adiponectin in women predicted aortic pulse wave velocity suggesting that strategies to prevent aortic stiffening should be focused differently by sex.